{"id":396,"date":"2021-10-06T15:49:23","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/?page_id=396"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:02:49","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T09:02:49","slug":"%e1%9e%96%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%9a%e1%9f%87%e1%9e%98%e1%9e%84%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%82%e1%9e%9b%e1%9f%8b%e1%9e%91%e1%9f%81%e1%9e%96%e1%9e%98%e1%9e%bb%e1%9e%93%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%93%e1%9e%b8-%e1%9e%9f%e1%9e%bb%e1%9e%8f","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8 \u179f\u17bb\u178f \u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1790\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17bc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 100vh;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_4 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:1px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_7 tdm-content-horiz-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_7{\nposition:relative;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdm_block_column_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"tdi_7_rand_style td-element-style\"><style>\n.tdi_7_rand_style{\nbackground-color:rgba(221,153,51,0.21) !important;\n}\n <\/style><\/div><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_8 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #dd8604;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:60px !important;letter-spacing:10px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){\n.tdi_8 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:50px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_8 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:40px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_8 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:30px !important;line-height:1.2 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_8 \"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-bg\">\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8 \u179f\u17bb\u178f \u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1790\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17bc<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_9 tdm-content-horiz-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_9\" ><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\"><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_10 \"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-sm\"><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_11 tdm-content-horiz-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_11\" ><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_12 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #dd8500;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_12 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:40px !important;letter-spacing:10px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_12 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tline-height:1.4 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_12 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:20px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_12 \"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-md\">\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179a\u1780\u1783\u17be\u1789\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_13 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_13\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_13{\nmargin-bottom:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_text_with_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 44px;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                  transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                }.td_block_text_with_title p:last-child{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_13 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_13 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1896\" height=\"894\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">\u00a0\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8(\u179f\u17bb\u178f \u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1790\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17bc) \u17ac\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17b6\u1798 \u201c\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17d4\u201d \u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u179c\u17b7\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c1\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u17cd\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1790\u17c3 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u1798\u178f\u17c7\u179c\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u178f\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c5\u17a2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17b6 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c1\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u17cd\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17b6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17cf\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7 \u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7 \u1794\u178a\u17b7\u179c\u17c1\u1791 \u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17a2\u178f\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17cb \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u178a\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793 \u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u1780\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8 \u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784<\/p>\n<p>\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1782\u17c4\u179a\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17cf\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u178a\u17cf\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17c2\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17bb\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c1\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u17cd\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u17d7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b9\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6 \u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u178a\u17cf\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1793\u17c3\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1781\u17b7\u178f\u1781\u17c6\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1798\u1780\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u00a0 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u00a0 \u1796\u17b8\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u179a\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u1791\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17c2\u1793\u00a0 \u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u00a0 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1793<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_14\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_15  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_15,\r\n                .tdi_15 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_15,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_15:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_15:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_15{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_15 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_15{\nmargin-top:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_15{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_17  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_17{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_18 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_18\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_18 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_18 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-489\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/002-n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1896\" height=\"704\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">\u00a0\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bc\u179b \u201c\u1798\u17b8\u1780\u17c2\u179c\u178e\u1799\u201d \u17aa\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7 \u1793\u17b6\u1799\u1784\u17b9\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 \u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7 \u1793\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17bb\u178f\u1785\u17c3 \u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1796\u17b8\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 10 \u178f\u17bb\u179b\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f. 2427 \u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u1797\u17b8\u178e\u1784 \u1783\u17bb\u17c6\u179f\u1784\u1797\u17b8\u178e\u1784 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17bb\u1795\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u17b8 \u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1784\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u1796\u17bc\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u1784\u1797\u17b8\u178e\u1784 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u1781\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179b\u17b6 \u1783\u17bb\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17c1\u1793 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178e\u17b6\u1781\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1790\u17bb\u1798\u00a0 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u00a0 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u1787\u17bd\u1789\u178a\u17bc\u179a \u1791\u17b7\u1789\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17bc\u1780\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u1780\u17cb\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1790\u17c1\u1794\u17d4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178e\u17b6\u1781\u1793\u1786\u17c3\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u00a0 \u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a \u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17bd\u1789\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1791\u17be\u1794\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c7\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/p>\n<p>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1794\u17b6\u1793 14 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1789\u17c4\u1798\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u17a2\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17bd\u1789\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u1785\u17c5 \u1780\u17bc\u1793\u1785\u17c5\u1791\u17be\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1782\u17c4\u179a\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a \u17a2\u17b6\u1787\u17b8\u1796\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17bd\u1789\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1791\u17be\u1794\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c7\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #ff6600; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb 19 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u1780\u1791\u1791\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17bc\u179a 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\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179b\u17b6 4 \u1781\u17c2 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb 3 \u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u179f\u17d2\u1790 4 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179b\u17c4\u1780<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #ff6600; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c5\u17a2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1796.\u179f. 2461 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\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17cf\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1798\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179c\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1798\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 4 \u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782<\/p>\n<p>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17be\u1794\u178f\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u00a0 \u178f\u17c2\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u17c6\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1795\u17d2\u1782\u17bd\u1794\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb \u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17bc\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1785 \u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785 \u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u179c\u1793\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u1794\u17cb \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u179f\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17b7\u17cd\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb \u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793 \u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u1780 \u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1796.\u179f. 2500 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u178e\u17c7 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1790\u17b6 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u179a\u178e\u17c7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1796\u17b8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1796.\u179f. 2502 \u1793\u17c5\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1790\u179f\u1793 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u179a\u17b7\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb 75 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u179c\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u17b8 53<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_19\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_20  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_20,\r\n                .tdi_20 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_20,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_20 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_20 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_20:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_20:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_20{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_20 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_20{\nmargin-top:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_20{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_20{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_22  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_22{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_22 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_22 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_22 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_22 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_22 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_23 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_23\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_23 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_23 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-491 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/003-n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1896\" height=\"704\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">\u00a0\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1794\u17be\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17b6\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17c6\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1790\u17b6 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1788\u179a\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u179c\u1784\u17cb \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1799\u1780\u1788\u17d2\u1793\u17c7\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1796\u17b6\u179f\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17c5\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c2\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17bb\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u179b \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17c2\u1794\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1796\u17b8\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6 \u1780\u17c2\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17c3\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c \u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1798\u1780\u178a\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #ff6600; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u179c\u1784\u17cb<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u179c\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1783\u17be\u1789\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b7\u17c7\u1791\u17bc\u1780\u1787\u17bd\u1789\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17a2\u17bc\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17bb\u17b8\u1790\u17c1\u1793 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#ffffff;\"><strong>\u179b\u17c7\u1794\u1784\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u1792\u1798\u17cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17cf\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u179b\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17d7 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\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u179f\u1798\u178e\u17c7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u179f\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u179b\u17c7\u1794\u1784\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #ff6600; background-color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u178f \u1799\u1780\u1796\u17b7\u178f<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1793\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1780\u17cf\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17b9\u1784 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1799\u17cb\u17cb\u17cb\u17b6\u17c9\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u1799\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1795\u179b \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1783\u17be\u1789\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17c0\u1798\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u00a0 \u1782\u17ba\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1790\u17b6 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1780\u1783\u17be\u1789\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17c3\u178a\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1780\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u17d7 \u178f\u17c2\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u178f \u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179b\u17c7\u1794\u1784\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1785\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u1794\u17be\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1780\u17cf\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u17ac\u1785\u17c4\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793 \u1794\u17c2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17c4\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be \u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d7\u1794\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_24\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_25  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_25,\r\n                .tdi_25 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_25,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_25 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_25 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_25:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_25:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_25{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_25 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_25{\nmargin-top:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_25{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_25{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_27  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_27{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_27 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_28 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_28\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_28 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_28 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-492 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/004-n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1896\" height=\"704\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900; color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17bc\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17c1\u1787\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1783\u17be\u1789\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u179f\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u1790\u17b6 \u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u17a7\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7 \u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17c1\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u17cd\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179c\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1791\u17c5\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c4\u1798\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17ba \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6 \u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17bc\u1784 \u179f\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1782\u17ba \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17c1\u1787\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17b1\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u1799\u17c4 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1798 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f \u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17be\u179f\u179b\u1794\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1799\u17be\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1790\u17b6 \u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b8 \u1780\u17bc\u1793\u1785\u17c5\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17bc\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u178f\u1798\u17d2\u1780\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u17e7 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784 \u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179c\u179a\u17b8\u1799\u17cd\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u178f\u17b6\u1798\u178a\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u1799<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_29\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_30  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_30,\r\n                .tdi_30 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_30,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_30 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_30 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_30:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_30:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_30{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_30 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_30{\nmargin-top:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_30{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_30{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_32  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_32{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_32 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_33 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_33\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_33 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_33 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-401 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2125\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia.jpg 2125w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-1024x723.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-1536x1084.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-2048x1446.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-696x491.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-1068x754.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2021\/10\/cambodia-1920x1355.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2125px) 100vw, 2125px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900; color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 7 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1.\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f \u17c8 \u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8 (\u1795\u17c2\u1793\u178a\u17b8\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u1788\u17bc\u1780 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17bb\u1795\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u17b8)<\/p>\n<p>2. \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u17c8 \u17a2\u17bc\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1784\u178e\u17b6\u1784\u1790\u17c1\u1793 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178e\u17b6\u1781\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1790\u17bb\u1798<\/p>\n<p>3. \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791\u17c8 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u1784\u1797\u17b8\u178e\u1784 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17bb\u1795\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u17b8<\/p>\n<p>4. \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u17c8 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17bc\u178f\u1794\u17bb\u1793 \u1794\u17b6\u1784\u1782\u17bc\u179c\u17c0\u1784<\/p>\n<p>5.\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u17c8 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179b\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>\u00a06.\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799(\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u179a\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796) :\u00a0 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793<\/p>\n<p>7.\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780 : \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_34\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_35  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_35,\r\n                .tdi_35 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_35,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_35 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_35 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_35:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_35:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_35{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_35 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_35{\nmargin-top:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_35{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_35{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_37  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_37{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_37 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_38 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_38\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_38{\nmargin-bottom:100px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_38 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_38 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-481 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/10\/006-s-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"937\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900; color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178e 70-80 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u1798\u1798\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178a\u1784 \u1794\u17be\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1781\u17bb\u179f \u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17c3\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17bb\u179f \u1780\u17cf\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1791\u17c5\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17c3\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u178a\u17cf\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1796\u17ba\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f \u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u1793\u17cd\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u1791\u17c3\u1782\u17ba \u1785\u17c4\u179b\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17cb \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1795\u1784<\/p>\n<p>\u1794\u17be\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u1780\u17cf\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c \u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17cf\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17b6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u1792\u17c1\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u1780\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u178f\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b8 7 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17c0\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5 7 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u17d4 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17bc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u1798\u17c2\u1784\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1791\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u1789\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u178a\u17cf\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_39\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_40  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_40,\r\n                .tdi_40 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_40,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_40 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_40 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_40:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_40:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_40{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_40 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_40{\nmargin-top:-50px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_40{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_40{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_42  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_42{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_42 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_42 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_42 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_42 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_42 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_43 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_43\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_43{\nmargin-bottom:100px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv 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