{"id":422,"date":"2021-12-11T15:03:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-11T08:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/?page_id=422"},"modified":"2021-12-11T16:18:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-11T09:18:31","slug":"%e1%9e%8f%e1%9e%bd%e1%9e%93%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%91%e1%9e%b8%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%94%e1%9e%9f%e1%9f%8b%e1%9e%9b%e1%9f%84%e1%9e%80%e1%9e%aa%e1%9e%90%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%8f%e1%9f%8b%e1%9e%8f%e1%9f%87%e1%9e%88%e1%9e%b8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/%e1%9e%8f%e1%9e%bd%e1%9e%93%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%91%e1%9e%b8%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%94%e1%9e%9f%e1%9f%8b%e1%9e%9b%e1%9f%84%e1%9e%80%e1%9e%aa%e1%9e%90%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%8f%e1%9f%8b%e1%9e%8f%e1%9f%87%e1%9e%88%e1%9e%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4 \u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 100vh;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1800 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_4 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:-30px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:-20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_empty_space td_block_wrap vc_empty_space tdi_8 \"  style=\"height: 32px\"><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_column_title tdi_9 tdm-content-horiz-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_9\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_9{\nposition:relative;\n}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px)\n{\n.tdi_9{\nmargin-top:70px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdm_block_column_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"tdi_9_rand_style td-element-style\"><style>\n.tdi_9_rand_style{\nbackground-color:#ff9900 !important;\n}\n <\/style><\/div><div class=\"td-block-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span12 tdm-col\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_10 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:50px !important;line-height:1 !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* landscape *\/\n@media (min-width: 1019px) and (max-width: 1140px){\n.tdi_10 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:36px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_10 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:26px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_10 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:26px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_10 \"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-md\">\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4 \u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_11 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_18\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_11\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_text_with_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 44px;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                  transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                }.td_block_text_with_title p:last-child{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_11 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:28px !important;font-weight:700 !important;text-transform:none !important;letter-spacing:2px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px){\n.tdi_11 h4{\r\n\t\t\t        font-size:18px !important;font-weight:400 !important;letter-spacing:1px !important;\r\n\t\t        }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/image001_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"702\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17cf\u1798\u17bb\u17c7\u1798\u17bb\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u178e\u17c7\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1782\u17ba<\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1782\u17ba \u1787\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f \u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17bb\u17c6 \u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1798\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u1782\u17ba \u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1782\u17ba \u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a 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\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u17a2\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u17d0\u1799 \u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb \u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17bb\u17c6 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\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799<\/p>\n<p>\u17e3. \u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e3\u17e2<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u179c\u1793\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17d0\u1799\u1794\u17bd\u1793 \u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17d0\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1789\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1794\u1791\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17c1\u17c7<\/p>\n<p>. \u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7<\/p>\n<p>. 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\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u1794\u17b7\u178a\u1780<\/p>\n<p>. \u1794\u17b6\u179b\u17b8\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784<\/p>\n<p>. \u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784<\/p>\n<p>. \u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>. 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\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1795\u1784<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u17e2 \u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c7\u1792\u17c6\u17d7\u1782\u17ba<\/p>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b \u17e7\u17e0 \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17ba 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-611\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/image007_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"702\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">\u00a0\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb 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center;\"><strong>\u201c\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u17b7\u178f\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6 \u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17c4\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b8\u179b \u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7 \u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17b6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u17b7\u178f\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17c4\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17c7 \u179b\u17c7\u1794\u1784\u17cb \u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u178f\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17cb \u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u179c\u17b7\u179f\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17cf\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>. \u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u179c\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1791<\/p>\n<p>. \u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u17b7\u1798\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1791<\/p>\n<p>. \u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1799\u17bb\u179c\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178c\u17b9\u178f<\/p>\n<p>. \u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1799\u17bb\u179c\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u178e\u1798\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f<\/p>\n<p>. \u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b7\u178f<\/p>\n<p>. \u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u1780\u17b6\u179a \u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793 \u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u179b\u17b7\u179f \u1794\u17bb\u1782\u179b\u17b7\u1782\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793\u17af\u1780\u1787\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e08\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e30\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e34\u0e15\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e32 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e14\u0e39\u0e41\u0e25\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e14<\/p>\n<p>\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u178c\u17b9\u178f<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u1794\u17b7\u178a\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1789\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1791\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7 \u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178f\u17c2\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784 \u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1782\u178e\u17c7 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793 \u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1798 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u179a\u17c0\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c0\u179c\u1797\u17c5\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>. \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u1796\u17b7\u178f<\/p>\n<p>. \u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f 38 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a<\/p>\n<p>. \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1782\u17bb\u178e \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1782\u17bb\u178e \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u1782\u17bb\u178e<\/p>\n<p>. \u179f\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>.\u179f\u17c0\u179c\u1797\u17c5\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1798\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17c7<\/p>\n<p>. \u1791\u17b8\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1782\u17c4\u179a\u1796<\/p>\n<p>. \u179f\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17be\u179b\u17d2\u17a2 \u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780<\/p>\n<p>. \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7<\/p>\n<p>\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17c1\u1787\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17c7\u1794\u1784\u17cb\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u1793\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u17b9\u1798\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1791\u17c5\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u179c\u1784\u17cb\u178b\u17b7\u178f\u1790\u17c1\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u179f\u17c2\u1793\u1799\u17bc\u179a<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-612\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/12\/image009_n-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"702\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">\u00a0\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4 \u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u1790\u17c3\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6 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