{"id":441,"date":"2022-01-18T14:38:10","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T07:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/?page_id=441"},"modified":"2022-01-18T18:25:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T11:25:35","slug":"%e1%9e%9b%e1%9f%84%e1%9e%80%e1%9e%99%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%99%e1%9e%a2%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%85%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%9a%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%99%e1%9e%98%e1%9e%a0%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%8f%e1%9e%93%e1%9e%a7%e1%9e%94%e1%9e%b6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/%e1%9e%9b%e1%9f%84%e1%9e%80%e1%9e%99%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%99%e1%9e%a2%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%85%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%9a%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%99%e1%9e%98%e1%9e%a0%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%8f%e1%9e%93%e1%9e%a7%e1%9e%94%e1%9e%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_content td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:40px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_4 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:0px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_7 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_7{\nmargin-top:50px !important;\n}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px)\n{\n.tdi_7{\nmargin-top:20px !important;\n}\n}\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_7{\nmargin-top:0px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_text_with_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 44px;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                  transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                }.td_block_text_with_title p:last-child{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/khunyay.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2460\" height=\"900\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_8\" class=\"tdc-row stretch_row_1200 td-stretch-content\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_9  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_9,\r\n                .tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_9,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_9{\nmargin-top:0px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_9 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n\/* phone *\/\n@media (max-width: 767px)\n{\n.tdi_9{\nmargin-top:0px !important;\n}\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_11  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_11{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_13  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_13{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_13,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_13 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_13 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_15  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_15{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_15 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_15 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_15 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_16  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_16\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.vc_column_text > .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<h5><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-642 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"244\" \/> <span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1784<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e4\u17e5\u17e2: <\/strong><\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e9 \u1798\u1780\u179a\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e4\u17e5\u17e2 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1796\u17bb\u1792 \u17e1\u17e0 \u1780\u17be\u178f \u1781\u17c2\u1794\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1780\u17b6 \u1793\u17c5\u1783\u17bb\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1781\u1793\u1786\u17c3\u179f\u17ca\u17b8 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178e\u17b6\u1781\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1790\u17bb\u1798 \u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17bb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b8\u17e5 \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1794\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u17a2\u17bc\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u179f\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb \u17e9 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u1795\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u179a \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u1798\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u1798\u17c1\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17c0\u1793 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c7\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u1799\u1798 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u179b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178e\u17b6<\/p>\n<p>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u17aa\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd \u1797\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784\u17e3 \u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784\u17e4\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17ba \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179b\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1785 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17d7\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1790\u17b6\u201d\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u1780\u201d\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1796\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u178f\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u1793\u17cd\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u178f\u1798\u1780<\/p>\n<p>\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c7\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6 \u178f\u17c2\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u1789\u17c0\u1793\u179f\u17bb\u179a\u17b6\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178f\u17c2\u1788\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785 \u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17b9\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178f\u17c2\u179a\u17a2\u17ca\u17bc \u1798\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u179a\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17be\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1791\u17c5\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u1785\u17b6\u1794 \u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bb\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1793\u17c5\u201d \u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17ba\u1780\u17cf\u1781\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17be\u1794\u179f\u17bd\u179a\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u17d7\u1790\u17b6 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17ba\u17a2\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u1796\u17bb\u1780 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u1788\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1796\u17c4\u179b\u1790\u17b6 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1791\u17c1 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u1781\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17be\u1794\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17c0\u1780\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u17cb\u17e5\u17e0\u17e0\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u201d \u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17bf\u1790\u17b6\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17aa\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d0\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u1794\u17be\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u178e\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17c2\u1784\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1781\u17bc\u1785<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u1796.\u179f. \u17e2\u17e4\u17e6\u17e4<\/span><\/strong> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17bc\u1785 \u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2 \u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1780\u17cf\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b9\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1781\u17bc\u1785\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u1781\u1798\u17b6\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17b7\u178f\u17b6\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u1780\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb \u17e1\u17e2 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_18  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_18{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_18,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_18 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_18 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_20  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_20{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_20 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_20 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_20 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_21  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_21\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-649 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"340\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e4\u17e7\u17e0<\/strong><\/span> \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u17ac\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8(\u179f\u17bb\u178f \u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1790\u17c7\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17bc) \u1785\u17c5\u17a2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u179a\u1780 \u178b\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17bd\u1782\u17cc \u1793\u17b7\u1796\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u17aa\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1799 \u178f\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1799 \u17ac\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1798\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1780\u17cf\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17c5\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u1781\u1798\u17b6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17c0\u1780\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178f\u17d7\u1791\u17c5 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1790\u17b6 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u17e5 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u178a\u17cf\u179f\u1798\u1782\u17bd\u179a<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e1\u17e8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1790\u17c1\u1794 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179a\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e4\u17e7\u17e8<\/strong><\/span> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u17a2\u17bc\u1793 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179a\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6 \u178a\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u17a2\u17bc\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c0\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u17a2\u17bc\u1793 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e2\u17e6\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u1780\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1790\u17c1\u1794\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17ba\u1794\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1794 \u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c7\u178e\u17b6\u178e\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u179f\u17c1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17bb\u17c6\u179f\u17d2\u1796\u17b6\u1793\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u17e2\u17e0\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u1780\u17a0\u17be\u1799<\/p>\n<p>\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c7\u179b\u17d2\u1798\u1798\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178f\u17c2\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u178a\u17b9\u1784 \u178f\u17c2\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17d0\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17c6\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1794 \u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17bb\u1780<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17d0\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17c6\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_22  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_22\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 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<\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u1798\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1781\u17c2 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17c1\u1787\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b8(\u179f\u17bb\u178f \u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1790\u17c7\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17bc) \u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 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#0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e2\u17e9\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_23  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_23\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u178a\u17bc\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-652 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image004.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"317\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1798\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1781\u17c2 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u178a\u17bc\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780 \u179f\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u178a\u17c0\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17b7\u1794\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 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\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1791\u17c5\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1780 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u178e\u1791\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1793\u17c7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1790\u17b6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17ac\u179f\u17bd\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179a\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17c4\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17cf\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a<\/p>\n<p>\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179c\u17ac\u178a\u17c5\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17a1\u17be\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 \u1794\u17be\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1783\u17be\u1789\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780 \u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793 \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1783\u17be\u1789\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1794\u17c2\u1794\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17b7\u178f\u1781\u17c6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u1799\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1789\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17c1\u1787\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_24  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_24\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u17a0\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-661 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image005.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"196\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e4\u17e9\u17e7<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a0\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6 \u17e5 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1798\u179a\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u1793\u17cd\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e4\u17e5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e0\u17e2<\/strong><\/span> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u179a\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e3 \u1780\u17bb\u1798\u17d2\u1797\u17c7 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e0\u17e2 \u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784 \u17e3 \u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u1780\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a1\u17b6\u1799 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c \u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u17e3 \u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u179c\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17be\u1798 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e5\u17e0\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780 \u179f\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c1\u1784\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1788\u17ba\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u179a\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e0\u17e3<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1788\u17ba\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17c4\u1782\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u1794\u17bc\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17bb\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799 \u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17d7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b7\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17bb\u1799\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u17be\u1798 \u178f\u17c2\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u17ac\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u17be\u1798\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u1784 \u1794\u17c2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd\u179f\u17c6\u17a2\u17b6\u178f \u1787\u17bc\u178f\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793 \u1794\u17c4\u1780\u179f\u17c6\u179b\u17c0\u1780\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17c6 \u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1790\u17c3\u1798\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u179f\u179a\u17c6\u1784\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17c4\u1799 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17bd\u179a\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781 \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u17be\u1798 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17b9\u178f \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u1784\u179f\u17ca\u17bb\u1780\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e5\u17e1\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17af\u1780<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u1784\u17d2\u1791\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17bb\u1780<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e0\u17e6<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1786\u17c3\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17ca\u17bc\u1793 \u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4) \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u179f\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179f\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u17c1\u178f\u179f\u17b6\u178f \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u1789\u17be\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1793\u17c3\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17cf\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c1\u179a\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e5\u17e4\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e0\u17e9<\/strong><\/span> \u1793\u17b6\u1799\u1795\u17b6\u178a\u17c1\u1785 \u1795\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u179c\u17c9\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1782\u17ba \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1793\u17c3\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1793\u179a\u1780\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17bd\u1782\u17cc\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17cf\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1794\u17bd\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1797\u17d0\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1793\u17b7\u179f\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179f\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u17a2\u17bc\u1793 \u1798\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e5\u17e7\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_25  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_25\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-663 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image006.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"436\" height=\"299\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e0<\/strong> <\/span>\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u178f\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u17e2\u17e0 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u178f\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6 \u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u17a0\u17c0\u179a\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1781\u17c2 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e5\u17e8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u179f\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179f \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u179a\u17bd\u1794\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b6\u179c\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17bc\u179f\u17bb\u1793\u1790\u17c1\u179a (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u178f\u17bc\u1785) \u179a\u1784\u1785\u17c5\u17a2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1798\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u201d \u1787\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1788\u17ba\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179c\u17c1\u178e\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17be\u1784 \u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1782\u17c1\u1793\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17be\u1798<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e1<\/strong><\/span> \u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u178a\u17c0\u1784\u17d7\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1782\u17ba \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1798\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1781\u17c2 \u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178f\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179b\u17be\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u17c6\u1787\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u179a \u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17c5\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179c\u17c1\u178e\u178e\u17c2\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e5\u17e9\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_26  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_26\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-664 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image007.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"314\" height=\"213\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e2<\/strong><\/span> \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17b8\u1782\u178e\u17c7\u179f\u17c1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1796\u17b6\u178e\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u17c1\u178f\u179f\u17b6\u178f 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\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e2\u17e7 \u179f\u17b8\u17a0\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e2 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3 \u17e2\u17e5 \u1780\u17be\u178f \u1781\u17c2 \u17e9 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u1796\u179c\u179a\u179c\u17c1\u1792\u17b8 (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1785\u17c5\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c1\u1785\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u1798\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u1790\u17c1\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1782\u1798\u1793\u17cd \u1785\u17c5\u17a2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1793\u1790\u17c1\u1794\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u1782\u179a\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1793) \u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a7\u1794\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1799\u17cd \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u201d \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1788\u17d2\u1793\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u201d <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e0\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-665 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image008.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"204\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e2<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b8\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1798\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1791\u17c5 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17bb\u1780 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e0\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e2<\/strong><\/span> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1795\u17c1\u178f\u1799\u17c7\u1795\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17b8 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17be\u1780\u178a\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e9\u17e6 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u1793\u17c5\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1798 \u1783\u17bb\u17c6\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u17a0\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1784 \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1790\u17bb\u1798\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8 \u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e0\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_27  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_27\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c7\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u1792\u1798\u17cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e3<\/strong><\/span> \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c7\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4 (\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17bd\u179f) \u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u178a\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e9\u17e6 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u1791\u17bb\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17c2 \u17e3,\u17e2\u17e0\u17e0 \u1794\u17b6\u178f <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e1\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e3<\/strong> <\/span>\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1798\u17b6\u1783\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8 \u17e2\u17e0 \u1780\u17bb\u1798\u17d2\u1797\u17c7 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784 \u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u17a0\u17c5\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1783\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u201d \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u17c6\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u178e\u17c7\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17d7\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u1780 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e1\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_28  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_28\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-669 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image009.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"260\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e4<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17c7\u1788\u17b8\u179c\u17c4\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e9 \u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17bc \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e4 \u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17cf\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17b6 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e2\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1791\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e5<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1799\u17bb\u179c\u1787\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5 \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17c6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17bb\u1781 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17cf\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u17b9\u1798\u1790\u17b6 \u1794\u17bb\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17c6\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1791\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17d0\u1791\u1782\u178e\u17c7\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1780\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e5 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u179f\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179f\u1798\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb \u17e6\u17e0 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17c2\u17a2\u17bc\u179a\u178f\u17bc\u1785\u17d7\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17be\u1794\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8 \u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178f\u17c2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u1793 \u17ac \u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e3)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6, \u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179f\u17c5\u179a\u17cd\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799 \u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1790\u17c2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e3-\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e7<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179f\u17c5\u179a\u17cd\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e9\u17e6 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_image_box tdi_29 td-animation-stack td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_29\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_29{\nborder-color:rgba(255,255,255,0) !important;\nborder-style:solid !important;\nborder-width:0 !important;\nposition:relative;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_image_box .td-custom{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom a:hover:after{\r\n                  opacity: 0.6;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  display: block;\r\n                  background-size: cover;\r\n                  background-position: center;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom-image a:before{\r\n                  content: '';\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  height: 100%;\r\n                  opacity: 0.4;\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  top: 0;\r\n                  left: 0;\r\n                  background-color: #000;\r\n                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;\r\n                  transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom-image a:after{\r\n                  content: '';\r\n                  border: 1px solid #fff;\r\n                  opacity: 0.3;\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  top: 0;\r\n                  left: 0;\r\n                  bottom: 0;\r\n                  right: 0;\r\n                  margin: 10px;\r\n                  -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;\r\n                  transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom-image.td-no-img-custom-url a{\r\n                  pointer-events: none;\r\n                  cursor: default;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom-image img{\r\n                  vertical-align: top;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-custom-title{\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  top: 50%;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n                  transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n                  display: table;\r\n                  text-align: center;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  padding: 10px 20px;\r\n                  pointer-events: none;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .entry-title{\r\n                  margin: 0;\r\n                  padding: 0;\r\n                  font-size: 19px;\r\n                  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n                  font-weight: 500;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .entry-title a{\r\n                  color: #fff;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .entry-title:after{\r\n                  display: none;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-image-box-row{\r\n                  margin: 0 -20px;\r\n                  *zoom: 1;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-image-box-row:before,\r\n                .td_block_image_box .td-image-box-row:after{\r\n                  display: table;\r\n                  content: '';\r\n                  line-height: 0;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-image-box-row:after{\r\n                  clear: both;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-image-box-span{\r\n                  padding: 0 20px;\r\n                  float: left;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-big-image .td-image-box-span{\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-big-image .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  height: 360px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-medium-image .td-image-box-span{\r\n                  width: 50%;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-medium-image .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  height: 320px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-small-image .td-image-box-span{\r\n                  width: 33.33333333%;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-small-image .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  height: 220px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-tiny-image .td-image-box-span{\r\n                  width: 25%;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-tiny-image .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  height: 160px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-tiny-image .td-custom-image a:after{\r\n                  margin: 8px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box .td-tiny-image .entry-title{\r\n                  font-size: 12px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-box-vertical .td-image-box-row{\r\n                  margin-left: 0 !important;\r\n                  margin-right: 0 !important;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-box-vertical .td-image-box-span{\r\n                  float: none;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  padding-left: 0 !important;\r\n                  padding-right: 0 !important;\r\n                  margin-bottom: 5px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-box-vertical .td-image-box-span a:after{\r\n                  margin: 8px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-box-vertical .td-image-box-span:last-child{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0 !important;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-box-vertical .entry-title{\r\n                  font-size: 15px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-image-box-top .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  background-position: top center;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-image-box-bottom .td-custom-image a{\r\n                  background-position: bottom center;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-image-box-style-2 .td-custom-image a:before,\r\n                .td_block_image_box.td-image-box-style-2 .td-custom-image a:after{\r\n                  display: none;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-image-box-style-2 .entry-title{\r\n                  font-size: 15px;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-image-box-style-2 .entry-title a{\r\n                  padding: 8px 16px;\r\n                  background-color: #fff;\r\n                  color: #000;\r\n                }.td_block_image_box.td-image-box-style-2 .entry-title a:empty{\r\n                  display: none;\r\n                }@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-custom {\r\n                    margin: 0 -20px;\r\n                  }\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-custom-image a {\r\n                    margin-bottom: 5px;\r\n                  }\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-image-box-row {\r\n                    margin: 0 -20px;\r\n                  }\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-image-box-span {\r\n                    width: 100% !important;\r\n                    float: none;\r\n                    padding: 0 10px;\r\n                  }\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-big-image .td-custom-image a,\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-medium-image .td-custom-image a,\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-small-image .td-custom-image a {\r\n                    height: 160px;\r\n                  }\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .entry-title,\r\n                  .td_block_image_box .td-tiny-image .entry-title {\r\n                    font-size: 16px;\r\n                  }\r\n                }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"tdi_29_rand_style td-element-style\">\n<div class=\"td-element-style-before\"><style>\n.tdi_29_rand_style > .td-element-style-before {\ncontent:'' !important;\nwidth:100% !important;\nheight:100% !important;\nposition:absolute !important;\ntop:0 !important;\nleft:0 !important;\ndisplay:block !important;\nz-index:0 !important;\nbackground-repeat: no-repeat !important;\nbackground-size:contain !important;\nbackground-position:center bottom !important;\n}\n<\/style><\/div><style>\n.tdi_29_rand_style{\nbackground-color:rgba(255,255,255,0) !important;\n}\n <\/style><\/div><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td-image-box-row td-small-image\"><div class=\"td-image-box-span\"><div class=\"td-custom\"><div class=\"td-custom-image td-no-img-custom-url\"><a class=\"td-lazy-img\"  data-type=\"css_image\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image010.jpg\" href=\"#\"  title=\"image010\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-image-box-span\"><div class=\"td-custom\"><div class=\"td-custom-image td-no-img-custom-url\"><a class=\"td-lazy-img\"  data-type=\"css_image\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image011.jpg\" href=\"#\"  title=\"image011\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-image-box-span\"><div class=\"td-custom\"><div class=\"td-custom-image td-no-img-custom-url\"><a class=\"td-lazy-img\"  data-type=\"css_image\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image012.jpg\" href=\"#\"  title=\"image012\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_30  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_30\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e6<\/strong><\/span> \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1796\u17b8\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u1798\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u17bd\u1794\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u1794\u17c0\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17bc\u1793\u1798\u1780\u17a2\u17c4\u1799 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e6\u17e4\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-677 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image013.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"416\" height=\"276\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e8<\/strong><\/span> \u178f\u1798\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17cf\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1798\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e8 \u1798\u17c1\u179f\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e8 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17cf\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17d0\u1799 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17c6\u1795\u17c2\u1784\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u17c6\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789 \u17e1\u17e9\u17e6 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17c6\u1795\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b7\u179b\u17c1\u179f \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1796\u17b6\u179b \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u1780\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17cf\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u1798\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be \u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17b7\u1791\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u17a0\u17c0\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a (\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1782\u17ba\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17b9\u1784\u17d2\u179f\u17b6) \u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17d7\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17c2\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1791\u17c5\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1792\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17bb\u178a\u17b7 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u17be\u1794\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8\u17d7 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17be\u1794\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1793\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17ba \u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17d7\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1789\u17c4\u1798\u1783\u17be\u1789 \u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u178f\u17bc\u1785\u17d7\u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17c4\u1799&#8230;\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1785\u17c2\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1790\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1794\u17c2\u1780\u1787\u17be\u1784 \u17a2\u17c6\u1794\u17c4\u179f \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u178e\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1787\u17bc\u178f \u1792\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1798 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u179a\u1799 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1796\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1799\u17be\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u179f\u17bc\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178f\u17c2\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1789\u17c4\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u1780\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17b6 \u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1783\u17be\u1789\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1782\u17c1\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_31  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_31\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e2\u17e4<\/strong> <\/span>\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1796\u17b8 \u201c\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u201d \u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6 \u201c\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u201d <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e7\u17e2\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_32  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_32\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8 \u17e2,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u1797\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u1780\u179b (\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-680 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image015.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"243\" height=\"161\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u178e\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e2\u17e8<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1798\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17be\u1798 \u17e1\u17e9\u17e6 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17cb\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1792\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u178a\u17b8 \u17e2,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u1796\u17b8\u1780\u1784\u1798\u179a\u178f\u1780\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb \u1798.\u179a.\u179c.\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u1795\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u179f\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u179c\u1784\u17cb \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u178d\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1790\u17d2\u1798\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u17d7\u1780\u17c6\u1795\u17c2\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1780 \u179b\u17be\u178a\u17b8\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1798\u17c9\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u17d7\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u1790\u17b6 \u179f\u1797\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u1780\u179b \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17e1\u17e2,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e7\u17e6\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u178f\u1798\u1780 \u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1798\u1780\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d7 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1797\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u1780\u179b\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1780 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1787\u17bd\u179b\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1792\u17c6 \u17ac\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e1\u17e9 \u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1792\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u178a\u17c3\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1797\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u1780\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178f\u1792\u17c6 \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8 \u17e2\u17e5\u17e0 \u179a\u17c9\u17c3\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u17c9\u17c3 \u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17bb\u1787\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17e3\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb \u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u179a\u1790\u1799\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u17e1\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1791\u17b8<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-681 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image016.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"392\" height=\"262\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_33  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_33\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u1790\u17b7\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u1780\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-683 alignright\" style=\"color: #222222;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image017.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"294\" \/><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e3\u17e1<\/strong><\/span> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u1790\u17b7\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17be\u1780\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784 \u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e6 \u179c\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1786\u17b7\u1780\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e3\u17e1 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e8\u17e0\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_34  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_34\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-684 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image018.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"315\" height=\"237\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e3\u17e7<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17bc\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17cb \u17e1 \u178f\u17c4\u1793 \u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e2\u17e5 \u1780\u17bb\u1798\u17d2\u1797\u17c7 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e3\u17e7 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u1794\u178a\u17b8 (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1785\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c1\u1785\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799) \u1785\u17c5\u17a2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u178e\u17b6\u1798 \u1795\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1787\u17c1\u179a\u17ba\u1793 \u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1794\u1796\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1785\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u179f<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e8\u17e5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u17b7\u1799\u17cd<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e3\u17e8<\/strong><\/span> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u17b7\u1799\u17cd<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> (\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e8\u17e6\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span> \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179a\u1799\u17c7\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u1780\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u17b7\u1799\u17cd\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e2\u17e1 \u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17bc \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e2<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_35  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_35\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-686 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image019.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"195\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1 \u1798\u1780\u179a\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e1<\/strong> <\/span>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u178e\u17c7\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u179a\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u17e8\u17e9\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17bc\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u17b9\u1798\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u179a\u17c6\u179b\u17b9\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u1792\u17c1\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u1785\u17c5\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1798\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179c\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b8\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d7\u1791\u17c5<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u1793\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u1799<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1793\u17c5\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e1-\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e3<\/strong><\/span> \u179f\u17bb\u1781\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u1793\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17bb\u17c7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17be\u1794\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u1780\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1782\u1798\u1793\u17cd\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u178f\u17c2\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1780\u17cf\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u1780\u1798\u17be\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u17b7\u1799\u17cd\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1781\u17b6<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e0 \u1780\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e3<\/strong> <\/span>\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780 \u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17ba \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17c4\u1782\u1787\u179a\u17b6 \u1793\u17c5\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b8\u1796\u17c1\u1791\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u17c1\u1798\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u178f \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1790\u17c1\u1794\u17d4<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17e9\u17e1<\/span> \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1784<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_36  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_36\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-688 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"445\" height=\"296\" \/> <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e5<\/strong><\/span> \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4 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\u17e3\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u17e1\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1793\u17b7\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1798\u1780\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1796\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u17a2\u17bb\u1785\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784\u1780\u17c2\u179c\u179a\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u1793\u17c3\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17bc\u1787\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u17c7\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a7\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b9\u1780\u17a0\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178a\u17c5\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17a2\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c6\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u179c\u17b6\u1785\u17b6 \u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b8\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u1792\u17c1\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17d7\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179c\u17c1\u178e\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 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alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image021.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"443\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image021.png 443w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image021-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image021-150x84.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e1\u17e4 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e5<\/strong><\/span> 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\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e6<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_37  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 tdc-no-posts\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_37\" ><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1786\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-691 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/image022.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"456\" height=\"304\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e6<\/strong><\/span> \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1782\u17c1\u1793\u1785\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793 \u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1786\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u17a0\u17d2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u178a\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178a\u17c5\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1789\u17c4\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u179b\u17c1\u1789<\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1786\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784 \u1791\u17be\u1794\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e5 \u1798\u1780\u179a\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e6 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 \u17e3\u17e1 \u1780\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u178a\u17b6 \u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e4\u17e7 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1786\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8 \u17e3\u17e2,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u1791\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1797\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17bb-\u179f\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c1\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17e6,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"td_text_highlight_marker_blue td_text_highlight_marker\"><strong>\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u17e1\u17e0\u17e0 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1796.\u179f.\u17e2\u17e5\u17e5\u17e2 <\/strong><\/span>\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb \u17e1\u17e0\u17e0 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17aa\u1790\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1786\u17c7\u1799\u17c4\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17be\u1789\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u1780\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17bc\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u17d4 \u1794\u17bc\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u17e1\u17e0\u17e0 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u178f\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u1781\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17bb\u1780\u1799\u17ca\u17bc\u1784<\/p>\n<p>\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u17e1\u17e0\u17e0 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u17d4\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1798\u17bc\u179b \u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u1780\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17bd\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17bd\u1784\u1785\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1791 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1798\u1780 \u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u17c4\u1799\u1783\u17be\u1789 \u201c\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb \u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17ba \u179f\u17d2\u1784\u1794\u17cb\u201d \u1780\u17be\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u179c\u178c\u17d2\u178d\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u17a2\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u17d0\u1799\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-464 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image023.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"449\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image023.png 449w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image023-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buddhistpedia.org\/km\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2022\/01\/image023-150x113.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b8\u179b\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6 \u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1784\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1794\u17bb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1793 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